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A geminal diol (or gem-diol for short) is any organic compound having two hydroxyl functional groups (-OH) bound to the same carbon atom. The simplest geminal diol is methanediol CH4O2 or H2C(OH)2. Other examples are dihydroxymalonic acid HOOC-C(OH)2-COOH and decahydroxycyclopentane (C(OH)2)5. Geminal diols are a subclass of the diols, which in turn are a special class of alcohols. The two hydroxyls in a geminal diol are easily converted to a carbonyl or keto group C=O by loss of one water molecule, thus turning the diol into a ketone. Conversely, ketones tend to combine with water to form the corresponding geminal diols. The equilibrium in water solution may be shifted towards either compound; for example, the equilibrium constant for the conversion of acetone (H3C)2C=O to propane-2,2-diol (H3C)2C(OH)2 is about 10−3,〔 Peter Taylor (2002), (''Mechanism and synthesis'' ), Book 10 of ''Molecular world''. Open University, Royal Society of Chemistry; ISBN 0-85404-695-X. 368 pages. 〕 while that of formaldehyde H2C=O to methanediol H2C(OH)2 is 10+3,〔 Eric V. Anslyn, Dennis A. Dougherty (2006), (''Modern physical organic chemistry'' ). University Science Books. ISBN 1-891389-31-9. 1095 pages 〕 and that of hexafluoroacetone (F3C)2C=O to hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol (F3C)2C(OH)2 is about 10+6. In some cases, such as decahydroxycyclopentane and dodecahydroxycyclohexane, the geminal diol is stable while the ketone is not. ==See also== *Geminal *Vicinal (chemistry) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geminal diol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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